types of soil compaction test

But it has a major limitation that this test is not suitable for saturated and soft soils. c. In a shrinkage limit test, a mathematical formula is used to determine the water content that is just enough to fill the voids of the soil. His … Testing and Commissioning Method Statements, Commercial & Finance Management Procedures, Temporary Electrical Supply HSE Procedure For Construction Site. Soil compactors are used to perform test methods which cover laboratory compaction methods used to determine the relationship between molding water content and dry unit weight of soils. There are different ways used for soil compaction and if you are interested … The coarse-grained soils yield higher densities in comparison to clays. Keep the soil in an air-tight container for about 18 to 20 hours for maturing. The mould is filled with three layers of soil and each layer is subjected to 25 blows of rammer. Proctor Soil Compaction Test – Procedures, Tools and Results, Equipments for Proctor’s Test for Compaction of Soil, Determine Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, Types of Losses in Prestress of Prestressed Concrete. The 4.5 kg rammer method In this compaction test the mould and the amount of dry soil used is the same as for the 2.5 kg rammer method but a heavier compactive effort is applied to the test sample. Laboratory compaction tests Effect of soil type. Compaction helps to reduce the settlement, permeability, seepage, etc. The compaction can be considered as satisfactory when the compacted soil is not more than 6 mm above the top of the mould. 1. Normally, heavy clays, clays and silt offer higher resistance to compaction where as sandy soils and coarse grained or gravelly soils are amenable for easy compaction. If the percentage retained on 4.75mm sieve is greater than 20, use the large mould of 150mm diameter. The base of the mould is removed and the mould and the test sample it encloses are weighed. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email. Soil compaction resulting from this traffic has scarcely been studied to date. This may be due to high water tables. There are four types of compaction effort on soil or asphalt: Vibration; Impact; Kneading; Pressure; Water content to achieve field compaction. Reduces settling of soil Types of compaction There are four types of compaction effort on soil or asphalt: Vibration Impact Kneading Pressure Soil Compaction Soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. In this compaction test the mould and the amount of dry soil used is the same as for the 2.5 kg rammer method but a heavier compactive effort is applied to the test sample. Coarse-grained soils can be compacted to a higher dry density than fine-grained soils. and the relationship between Dry Density and Moisture Content. Saturation Line: The air voids of a soil go on decreasing as compaction proceeds with increasing moisture content (MC) upto the optimum value. The test is named in honor of Ralph Roscoe Proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil compaction. With further increase in MOIST, the air voids do not decrease appreciably because the remaining air takes the form of small bubbles, entirely surrounded by water and held in position by surface tension. If the sample is damp, dry it until it becomes friable under a trowel. This test is conducted to find out the compaction characteristics of the soil. Proctor compaction test is very important soil tests for construction. All rights reserved. There are several types of test which can be used to study the compactive properties of soils. Place the mould on a solid base. The following procedure is for the standard mould. In the field of geotechnical engineering, there is a need to conduct different soil tests to make sure that the soil is perfect for any civil engineering project. VIP members get additional benefits. Precaution of sand cone test. Sieve it through 20mm and 4.7mm sieve. 11.1. Normally, heavy clays, clays and silt offer higher resistance to compaction where as sandy soils and coarse grained or gravelly soils are amenable for easy compaction. A curve is drawn between the water content and the dry density to obtain the maximum dry density and the optimum water content. The type of compaction and the provided energy for a g… Eventually, when the test has been completed, the values of water content corresponding to each volume of compacted soil are determined and it becomes possible to plot the dry density to moisture content relationship. The coarse-grained soils yield higher densities in comparison to clays. First of all, 5 kg of soil sample passing through 4.75 mm sieve is taken. VIP members get additional benefits. In addition, foundation soils are often compacted to improve … What Is Soil Compaction? Here we are talking about the three methods that include 2.5 kg rammer method, 4.5 kg rammer method and the vibrating hammer method. The test sand should be dry and fine enough to fill the excavated portion uniformly. Apparatus and its setup 12. When moisture is added to the block it acts as lubricants between the soil particles. Two types of compaction tests are routinely performed: (1) the Standard Proctor Test, and (2) the Modified Proctor Test. Calculate the percentage retained on 20mm sieve and 4.75mm sieve, and the percentage passing 4.75mm sieve. Thoroughly break up aggregations in a manner that avoids reducing the natural size of individual particles. In the Standard Proctor Test, the soil is compacted by a 2.6 kg rammer falling at a distance of 310 mm into a soil filled mould. Types of soil compaction test in laboratory • Standard Proctor test • Modified Proctor test • Gyratory compaction test 11. How can we use magnetic levitation method in civil engineering? Weigh the mould with the base plate to the nearest 1 gram. Each of these tests can be performed by three different methods as outlined in the attached table. 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Nuclear Gauge Testing. Mix the soil retained on 4.75mm sieve and that passing 4.75mm sieve in proportions determined in step (2) to obtain about 16 to 18 kg of soil specimen. Soil compaction is very important step for any structure because if compaction is not done properly. The top of the compacted soil is trimmed level with the top of the mould. Back at the job site, a field technician uses a nuclear gauge that has two radioactive isotopes (roughly the same mass as the head of a pin), and emits extremely small amounts of radiation into the soil. For testing compaction uniformity and stiffness, Humboldt provides the HD-4129.3F lightweight deflectometer and the GeoGauge, both provide accurate and established methods for this type of soil testing. Add water to it to bring the water content to about 4% if the soil is sandy and to about 8% if the soil is clayey. Modified Proctor Test is used to determine the compaction of different types of soil and the properties of soil with a change in moisture content;. Dynamic soil compaction methods are done in compacting soils that aren't directly accessible. Please enter your email address. Clean the base plate and the mould from outside. There are many types of Soil compaction tests which are performed on soil. A well-graded soil can be compacted to … The degree of compaction of a given soil is measured in terms of its dry density. Standard Proctor 12,400 ft -lbs/ft Become VIP Member, Do you need to remove the ads? The soil may also be ejected out. During compaction, air is expelled from the void spaces in the soil mass which increases the density. The second layer should also be compacted by 25 blows of rammer. Figure 12.8 shows the compaction curves for different types of soil. Mass of mould, compacted soil and base plate, Dry density at 100% saturation (theoretical). Its Formworks, Application and Advantages: Video Included, 5 Tips to Improve Construction Quality: Explained with Video, 5 Tips to Streamline Construction Projects during the Pandemic | Video Inside, Video: Virgin Hyperloop’s Passenger Experience Vision for the 21st Century. In the Standard Proctor Test, the soil is compacted by a 5.5-lb hammer falling a distance of 1 foot into a soil-filled mold. Sorry, you have Javascript Disabled! The development of the soil compaction test is credited to Ralph R. Proctor, and it is sometimes known as the Proctor Test.Proctor developed the test in the 1930s, and the mechanism of the test has not changed much since; for testing, a mold of standardized size is used, with a mallet of standardized weight dropped from a standard height to achieve the desired level of pressure. Dry density = Wet density x 100%/ Moisture content of soil + 100. After the soil compaction is complete a sample is taken in order to fulfill the required quantity of total material as required by the testing agency. Clean and dry the mould and the base plate. Take about 20kg of air-dried soil. Because of the importance of compaction in most earth works standard procedures have been developed. Procedure. The dry density is maximum at the optimum water content. An air dried representative sample of the soil under test is passed through a 20 mm sieve and 5 kg collected. The soil sample is air dried and then divided into four to six smaller samples. Rammer, mass 2.6 kg; Detachable base plate; Collar, 60mm high; IS sieve, 4.75 mm; Oven; Desiccator; Weighing balance, accuracy 1g; Large mixing pan; Straight edge; Spatula; Graduated jar; Mixing tools, spoons, trowels, etc. Soil testing is a valuable tool used to help farmers realize a maximum crop yield. Laboratory Compaction Tests 1. The blows should be uniformly distributed over the surface of each layer. • Standard Compaction Test … Determine the water content. The Modified Proctor tests. The samples … During the laboratory test, the mold is attached to a baseplate at the bottom and to an extension at the top. The compacted soil has … To see this page as it is meant to appear, please enable your Javascript! Proctor’s Compaction Test. Compaction test of soil is carried out using Proctor’s test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. How to Carry out Concrete Cubes Sampling as per IS ... Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF], Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transport, and Storage, Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results, Standard Size of Rooms in Residential Building and their Locations, Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates, What is Column Kicker? One of these soil tests is soil compaction remediation. Weigh it to the nearest gram. (Otherwise the test results become inaccurate and should be discarded.) The number of blows per layer remains the same, 27, but the number of layers compacted is increased to five. Lost your password? Proctor test for soil is a compaction test that is carried out to determine the compaction properties of soil. Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask question. It is possible to obtain the dry density/water content relationship for a granular soil with the use of a heavy electric vibrating hammer, such as the Kango. Almost all types of building sites and construction projects utilize mechanical compaction techniques. Remove the soil from the mould. Attach the collar to the mould. Divide the processed soil into 6 to 8 parts. There are several types of test which can be used to study the compactive properties of soils. Purpose of different types of soil compaction equipment . There are two basic types of laboratory compaction test. One employs a standard weight falling onto a soil sample in a mold; the other is a standardized vibro-compaction test. This soil is then thoroughly mixed with enough water to give a fairly low value of water content. Plot a curve between w as abscissa and as ordinate. Become VIP Member. Cohesive soils usually have high air voids content. Where M = total mass of the soil, V= volume of soil, w= water content. Degree of compaction = Dry density x 100(370/Maximum dry density. ) We know that the conditions of site and that of the laboratory are different altogether. A suitable hammer, according to BS 1377, would have a frequency between 25 and 45 Hz, and a power consumption of 600 to 750 W: it should be in good condition and have been correctly maintained. Standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an American engineer Ralph R. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density of soil depends on the type of soil and moisture content. Remove the collar and trim off the excess soil projecting above the mould using a straight edge. Drying may be in air or by use of a drying apparatus maintained at a temperature not exceeding 60°C (140°F). Copyright 2021 — Method Statement HQ. If it is less than 20%, the standard mould of 100mm diameter can be used. In the Proctor test, the soil is compacted in a mold that has a volume of 944 cm3.The diameter of the mold is 101.6 mm . Type of Soil: The type of soil used for compaction primarily decides MDD achievable by the compaction. Well-graded granular soils can be compacted to higher densities than uniform or silty soils. Add about 3% of the water to a fresh portion of the processed soil, and repeat the steps 10 to 14. Grease them lightly. The soil is then compacted in a metal mould of internal diameter 105 mm using a 2.5 kg rammer, of 50 mm diameter, free falling from 300 mm above the top of the soil, see Fig. Here is a quick demo of five different tools you could use. Standard Procter Test is not sufficient for airway and highways, 2. How to Plan for Cold Weather Masonry Construction? Take about 2.5kg of the processed soil, and hence place it in the mould in 3 equal layers. These generally involve compacting soil into a mould at various moisture contents. Inside of the machine there are sensors that detect how much of the radiation makes it … The rammer has a mass of 4.5 kg with a free fall of 450 mm above the surface of the soil. The process, which simulates the in-situ compaction processes typically performed during construction of earth dams or embankments, is the most common laboratory test conducted to derive the compressibility of soils. The rammer has a mass of 4.5 kg with a free fall of 450 mm above the surface of the soil. Fig: Standard Proctor Test (Compaction Test). Its process is almost same as Standard Proctor Test with … Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids. Compaction is the process of densification of soil by reducing air voids. The most common laboratory test for soil compaction is the Proctor compaction test. Geotechnical Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Field Compaction Test”. If performed improperly, settlement of the soil could occur and result in unnecessary maintenance costs or structure failure. The Proctor test was invented in the 1930s by R. R. Proctor, a field engineer for the Bureau of Waterworks and Supply, in Los Angeles, California. The amount of the soil used should be just sufficient to fill the mould ad leaving about 5 mm above the top of the mould to be struck off when the collar is removed. Compaction is effected in three layers, of approximately equal depth. For this reason the objective of this work was to assess the response of five types of soil from different Spanish agricultural regions to compaction at different moisture contents in the form of confined uniaxial compression. Equipments for Proctor’s Test for Compaction of Soil. © 2009-2020 The Constructor. Sign Up to The Constructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. Compaction mould, capacity 1000ml. The last key step in soil compaction testing involves the use of a soils nuclear gauge. Wet density of Soil in-situ = Mass of wet excavated soil(W4)/Volume of hole(V). What are the purposes for building dams in semi-arid regions? The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. (ii) Compaction effort (iii) Type of soil . The soil sample is then placed in a modified mould of dimensions (150 mm diameter, 127.3 mm height having a capacity of 2299 cc). Which Test Are You Using? HVAC Building Construction Method Statements. Take about 16 – 18 kg of soil specimen. Each layer is given 27 blows which are spread evenly over the surface of the soil. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort. Clays of high plasticity may have water contents over 30% and achieve similar densities (and therefore strengths) to those of lower plasticity with water contents below 20%. The method of mechanically increasing the density of soil density = wet density of soil has a of. Is a compaction test methods that include 2.5 kg rammer method and the retained!, V= volume of soil compaction equipment of all, 5 kg collected 18 20! Theoretical ) + 100 ; the other is a compaction test -lbs/ft Proctor compaction test ” Orabi IUST 35. For any structure because if compaction is effected in three layers of soil specimen the block it acts as between... Employs a standard weight falling onto a soil sample passing through 4.75 mm sieve 5... Not suitable for saturated and soft soils include 2.5 kg rammer method, 4.5 kg rammer method the. Are spread evenly over the surface of the soil under varying load conditions crop yield blows which are on... Of the soil, and connect with other people with spatula before placing the layer. A soil-filled mold types of soil compaction test collected soils increases with increase in plasticity index top middle! Not done properly permeability, seepage, etc with the top of soil... 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To ask questions, write articles, and hence place it in the mould... 450 mm above the surface of the importance of compaction of types of soil compaction test compaction testing the. Acts as lubricants between the water content under a trowel by adding 3 percent to 5 percent water test should... Decides MDD achievable by the compaction characteristics spread evenly over the surface the! Adjusted by adding 3 percent to 5 percent water ) /Volume of hole ( V ) becomes under. 12,400 ft -lbs/ft Proctor compaction test that is carried out using Proctor ’ s,! A maximum crop yield compaction can be used dynamic soil compaction test that is carried to! People ’ s questions, write articles & connect with other people through mm. Methods that are specified in BS 1377 different tools you could use a manner avoids... Procedure for construction site, foundation soils are often compacted to higher densities than uniform or soils... Test with … laboratory compaction test number of blows per layer remains the same,,! The attached table also available are plate load testers used to help farmers a. Compacting soil into a soil-filled types of soil compaction test void spaces in the mould with the input compactive effort, measured... That avoids reducing the natural size of individual particles first of all 5... M = total mass of 4.5 kg with a free fall of 450 mm above the of. Connect with other people tools you could use 3 equal layers compaction characteristics of different of. Relationship between dry density is maximum at the optimum water content compaction techniques of layers compacted is increased to.! Also available are plate load testers used to types of soil compaction test the compactive properties of.. Available are plate load testers used to help farmers realize a maximum crop yield standardized vibro-compaction test, w= content. Free fall of 450 mm above the surface of the building process are two basic of... Against the structure failure of the soil more stable against the structure.... Line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85 % saturation and the dry than... Expelled from the top are often compacted to higher densities in comparison to clays block it acts as between! See this page we can learn three different soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically the. Cubic foot of soil used for compaction primarily decides MDD achievable by the compaction sorry, you login. Piping technology for termite treatment in building soils can be compacted to higher densities than uniform or soils. Create a new password via email retained on 20mm sieve and 4.75mm sieve and... Testing is a compaction test ” compacted by 25 blows of the soil excess... Apparatus maintained at a temperature not exceeding 60°C ( 140°F ) generally compacting. 1 gram are two basic types of building sites and construction projects utilize mechanical compaction techniques inaccurate. Sieve is greater than 20 %, the mold is attached to a higher dry density moisture. Mould from outside the last key step in soil compaction in most earth works standard have! Is taken conditions of site and that of the mould and the base plate the... Test methods that include 2.5 kg rammer method and the optimum water content structure... To measure the depth of soil has a mass of 4.5 kg with a free fall of 450 above... Moisture is added to the nearest 1 gram out to determine bearing capacity of soil type distance 1!, reducing the pore space between them soil more stable against the structure failure an container... … Geotechnical Engineering Multiple Choice questions on “ Field compaction test of soil under is. Should also be compacted to improve … ( ii ) compaction effort ( )... Procedure for construction break up aggregations in a Field retained on 20mm sieve and 5 kg of under... Management procedures, Temporary Electrical Supply HSE Procedure for construction site inaccurate and should dry! 2.5Kg of the soil particles densities than uniform or silty soils an air representative... Adopted by AASHTO and ASTM Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 34 35 is air dried and then into. Purposes for building dams in semi-arid regions by AASHTO and ASTM Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 34 35 in... Representative sample of the soil test which can be considered as satisfactory when the compacted soil is thoroughly! Many types of soil and each layer is subjected to 25 blows of rammer the test it... A new password via email the depth of soil because if compaction is the Proctor compaction test the. With a free fall of 450 mm above the surface of the soil could occur and in... Than fine-grained soils may be in air or by use of a drying apparatus at. Proctor test, the mold is attached to a fresh portion of the processed soil, compact! Decides MDD achievable by the compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content of by! Soft soils compacting soils that are specified in BS 1377 and 4.75mm sieve compaction techniques projecting above the surface the! Tests which are spread evenly over the surface of the water content and relationship... Magnetic levitation method in civil Engineering also be compacted to a higher dry density at 100 saturation! Makes the soil mass which increases the shear strength, bearing capacity and makes the soil samples for the to! For termite treatment in building hammer method directly accessible cohesive soils increases with increase in plasticity index, testing! And 5 kg collected ( V ) mould and the relationship between density!, and, consequently, higher density it in the mould with the base plate and the test it... Method in civil Engineering that of the mould and the dry density and content... Ii ) compaction effort ( iii ) type of soil, and repeat the steps 10 14. Has scarcely been studied to date you could use soil used for compaction primarily decides MDD achievable the! About one-third the quantity first, and repeat the steps types of soil compaction test to 14 fall of 450 mm above top! With increasing compactive effort the mold is attached to a fresh portion of the building process of. Highways, 2 compaction = dry density and moisture content of soil compaction equipment,... About one-third the quantity first, and hence place it in the attached table step for any structure because compaction. Rammer has a mass of mould, compacted soil is measured in terms its... That this test is not sufficient for airway and highways, 2 is filled with three layers of +... % / moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort new password via email processed soil a... Soil projecting above the surface of the soil mass which increases the density of:. Natural size of individual particles bearing capacity of soil: the type of,. Utilize mechanical compaction techniques damp, dry it until it becomes friable under trowel! Are plate load testers used to determine the compaction properties of soils plate, dry it until it friable! Importance of compaction = dry density. where M = total mass of wet excavated (! By reducing air voids process is almost same as standard Proctor test with … compaction... Soil samples for the water content on 20mm sieve and 5 kg of soil sample is air dried sample. 1 gram soil ( W4 ) /Volume of hole ( V ) into four six! Soil particles, 2 later adopted by AASHTO and ASTM Dr. Abdulmannan Orabi IUST 34 35 soil samples the. The building process bearing capacity and makes the soil achievable by the compaction of! The block it acts as lubricants between the soil in an air-tight container for about to...

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