By the time, the discoloration spreads over the entire leaf blade. Phosphorus deficiency, condition in which phosphorus is insufficient or is not utilized properly. (b) Profiles of adjusted displacement velocity resulting from smoothing and interpolating raw velocity profiles using Eqn 4 (see ‘Materials and Methods’). 4b) essentially reflected the higher cell production associated with a longer cell division zone with higher cell production rates in control compared to LP. Symptoms Tissue on the leaf base and along the main vein is dark green, while the marginal, interveinal area towards the leaf tip shows a distinct purple tint. The reduction in plant biomass accumulation and in leaf surface area under P deficiency have been widely reported (Fredeen, Rao & Terry 1989; Jeschke et al. The concentration of the essential element below which plant growth is retarded is termed as “The element is said to be deficient when present below the critical concentration”. Leaf blades are dark green, while margins and veins show a dull, purple tint which may spread over the whole leaf blade. Symptoms Tissue on the leaf base and along the main vein is dark green, while the marginal, interveinal area towards the leaf tip shows a distinct purple tint. Even when cell division rate was not different between treatments for some extent at the base of the division zone (i.e. Initial distances should be measured on non‐growing leaves as the distances between neighbouring holes could fluctuate because of small errors in needle trajectory. Weibull equations for control and LP treatments are Vi = 6.61 × [1 − exp(−0.00093 × Li1.76)]R2 = 0.99, n = 224 and Vi = 2.48 × [1 − exp(−0.00138 × Li2.04)]R2 = 0.093, n = 224, respectively. 3c it is possible to observe the similitude between the curves of cell size versus thermal time needed to leave the growth zone of both P treatments. For this reason it is vital for seedlings and young plants. 2000). Data on the spatial distribution of leaf elongation was obtained by marking the leaf elongating zone with needle holes and evaluating the displacement of the marks during the dark period (Schnyder et al. … 2000). Reductions in leaf area under P starvation could be due to both a lower leaf appearance rate (Etchebest, Plénet & Pellerin 1998; Rodríguez et al. 1998; Chiera et al. Epidermal cells of the root, stem and leaf became thickened, cortical zone of root and stem was reduced, endodermal and … The reddish discoloration is usually visible in the juvenile stage only. were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Samples were taken from 21 process streams of three facilities and the phosphorus content of each was determined. In monocotyledon leaves, growth is predominately unidirectional and a tissue element is displaced away from the leaf base as a result of production of younger tissue below it (Bernstein, Silk & Läuchli 1993b). 2002) and to a reduced leaf expansion (Etchebest et al. Water rate: 30 to 200 l/ha, Yara UK LimitedHarvest House, Europarc, GrimsbyNorth East Lincolnshire, DN37 9TZ. Based on the principle of mass balance and according to Silk (1992) the number of new cells that appear in the element (cell production rate, di, cell mm−1 °Cd−1) can be calculated as: where δρi/δt (cell mm−1 °Cd−1) is the change with time in cell number in segment i, ρi is the cell density per unit of leaf length (cell mm−1, reciprocal of cell length in segment i ), υi (mm °Cd−1, integration of REGRi from the base of the leaf to the segment i) is the local displacement velocity and δρi/δLi (cell mm−2) is the gradient in cell density. Although maximum cell production rate was similar between P treatments (control = 2.99 cell mm−1 °Cd−1 and LP = 2.36 cell mm−1 °Cd−1, SE = 0.30 cell mm−1 °Cd−1) the decrease of cell production rate with distance from the base was more pronounced in LP, so significant differences were found from 12.5 mm from the leaf base. Means were separated using the LSD at the P = 0.05 significance level. 2000); however, water deficit also lowered maximum cell division rates, which was not the case for P deficiency in this experiment (Fig. LER approximately constant). The total length of the leaf 6 was also measured. RCA formed under phosphorus deficiency contributed to reduced radial hydraulic conductivity in maize roots (Fan et al., 2007). This reddish discolouration is usually visible mainly in the juvenile stage of the plant’s life. Since the time required for a cell to leave the growth zone was similar in both P treatments (Fig. Effects on leaf growth, biomass accumulation and root morphogenesis associated with the establishment of phosphorus (P) deficiency were studied on maize in order to test the hypothesis that the root system response can be accounted for by the effect of P deficiency on the carbon budget of the plant. Older leaves of the young plants are affected first. By the time, the discoloration spreads over the entire leaf blade. In the … This indicated that PEPC in the C,-PEPC trans- genic rice plants did not recapture CO,, unlike in C, photosynthesis. The cell division rate, basically reflected cell production patterns and similarly, no significant differences were found between treatments in the maximum values achieved (control = 0.055 cell cell−1 °Cd−1 and LP = 0.050 cell  cell−1 °Cd−1, SE = 0.004 cell cell−1 °Cd−1). For example, as a result of a salinity stress in sorghum (Bernstein et al. Contrary to other nutrients, the symptoms of this deficiency are generally not very striking and can be difficult to identify. Deficiency symptoms also … II. Water rate: 30 to 200 l/ha. 3b). The first term (local change) could be set to zero, assuming that profiles of cell length at the beginning and end of the measuring period did not change (MacAdam, Volenec & Nelson 1989; Ben‐Haj‐Salah & Tardieu 1995; Tardieu et al. deficiency, phosphorus use emciency. By the time, the discoloration spreads over the entire leaf blade. The displacement velocities (υi; mm °Cd−1) where calculated as: where δLi (mm) is the difference between initial (Li,0, mm) and final distances (Li,f, mm), dt is the thermal time (°Cd) of the experimental period, calculated from meristematic temperatures using a base temperature of 10 °C according to Ben‐Haj‐Salah & Tardieu (1995), and α is a correction factor estimated as the ratio of mean elongation of non‐pierced plants (LERnp, mm °Cd−1) to the elongation of pierced plants (LERp, mm °Cd−1). As it has been argued above, its length in control plants was longer than previously found in maize (Ben‐Haj‐Salah & Tardieu 1995, 1997; Tardieu, Granier & Muller 1999; Tardieu et al. And colleagues hirsutum L. 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